五、阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
Dogs like living with people. They are very
1 (friend). They can do many things for people.
Some dogs help people look
2 sheep, and other dogs help them to guard(保卫) their houses. And some dogs can help the blind.
There is a kind of dog
3 (call) the Seeing Eye dog. Now we can see this kind of dog all over the world. The Seeing Eye dog works for
4 blind. It is smart and easy to train(训练). It helps the blind to walk from place to place. Before a dog
5 (become) a Seeing Eye dog, it must go to a training school and receive about three
6 (month) training. First, the dog has to learn to sit or stay when it hears the trainer's call. In its next lesson, the dog learns to take its trainer
7 (cross) busy streets. The dog has many things
8 (learn). At the end of the training, it must take tests(测试). When it passes the tests, the Seeing Eye dog will do things by itself. Then it can help blind people. The new master may be a man, a woman,
9 even a child. It
10 (take) the dog and its master about a month to learn to work and live together.
1.
friendly
2.
after
3.
called
4.
the
5.
becomes
6.
months'
7.
to cross
8.
to learn
9.
or
10.
takes
解析:
【分析】
做这道短文语法填空题时,首先要先通读全文,理清文章介绍狗狗作用、导盲犬训练流程的整体大意,之后逐空分析句子成分和语境:
1. 第1空前面是be动词are和副词very,后面没有名词,说明需要把名词friend变为形容词作表语,表达“友好的”含义;
2. 第2空后面是名词sheep,结合前文“狗狗帮人们”的语境,回忆和look搭配的短语,look after是“照看、照料”,符合帮人看羊的语义;
3. 第3空后面是名词短语the Seeing Eye dog,是对前面a kind of dog的命名,这里是被动含义“被叫做”,需要用call的过去分词作后置定语;
4. 第4空后面是形容词blind,要表达“盲人”这一类群体,用定冠词the加形容词的固定用法;
5. 第5空主语是单数名词a dog,全文是一般现在时,谓语动词要和主语保持主谓一致,用第三人称单数形式;
6. 第6空前面是数词three,后面是名词training,要表达“三个月的训练”,需要先把month变为复数,再变为名词所有格修饰training;
7. 第7空前面是固定结构take sb,后面要接非谓语作补足语,用不定式结构表达“带某人去做某事”;
8. 第8空前面是名词短语many things,要用不定式作后置定语,表达“要学习的很多东西”;
9. 第9空前后是a man, a woman和even a child,是并列的选择关系,填并列连词or表示“或者”;
10. 第10空是固定句型it takes sb sth to do sth,it是形式主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数的一般现在时形式。
【解析】
1. 空1:句意为“它们非常友好”,be动词后接形容词作表语,friend的形容词形式是friendly,故填friendly。
2. 空2:固定短语look after意为“照看、照料”,符合“狗狗帮助人们照看绵羊”的语境,故填after。
3. 空3:此处为过去分词作后置定语,dog和call之间是被动关系,意为“被叫做导盲犬的一种狗”,call的过去分词是called,故填called。
4. 空4:定冠词the加形容词表示一类人,the blind指代“盲人”,是固定用法,故填the。
5. 空5:主语a dog是第三人称单数,全文时态为一般现在时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式becomes,故填becomes。
6. 空6:数词three后接可数名词复数months,此处要修饰名词training,表达“三个月的训练”,用复数名词的所有格months',故填months'。
7. 空7:固定结构take sb to do sth意为“带某人去做某事”,此处用不定式作宾语补足语,cross的不定式形式是to cross,故填to cross。
8. 空8:不定式作后置定语修饰many things,表示“要学习的事情”,故填to learn。
9. 空9:前后内容是选择并列关系,句意为“新主人可能是男人、女人,甚至是孩子”,用并列连词or表示“或者”,故填or。
10. 空10:固定句型It takes sb +时间+to do sth表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”,it是形式主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数takes,故填takes。
【答案】
1. friendly 2. after 3. called 4. the 5. becomes 6. months' 7. to cross 8. to learn 9. or 10. takes
【知识点】
词性转换,非谓语动词,固定搭配
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段基础的短文语法填空题,考点覆盖了形容词转换、固定短语、非谓语用法、冠词用法、名词所有格、主谓一致等核心基础知识点,整体语境通俗易懂,没有复杂长难句,适合学生巩固基础词法和句法知识,解题时要注意细节,避免出现复数名词所有格漏写撇号这类低级失误。
【难度系数】
0.7