五、短文填空。(每空一词)
The earth is our home. Some things we have done are good for the earth while some are bad. We have
p 1 the earth seriously, and it is sick now. We cut down too many trees for wood, so lots of rich land has changed into
d 2 desert. Factories
p 3 dirty wastewater into rivers, killing fish and making water undrinkable. Cars give off
h 4 gases, and pollution has caused many serious problems like dirty air and terrible weather. The earth is crying for
h 5. What shall we do to save it?
We should be "green consumers" instead of wasteful ones. This means buying and using things which are
f 6 to the environment, like reusable bags instead of plastic ones. We can also recycle paper, bottles and cans as much as possible. We should try to be "greener people" too. Plant more trees to clean the air, and ride bikes or take buses to
r 7 pollution. Never leave lights on when leaving rooms. Take shorter showers and turn off taps while brushing teeth to save water. Remember to
s 8 waste into different groups before throwing it away.
After all, we have only one earth. We must do everything to protect it, or we will be
p 9 and lose our home. Learn to live in green ways, and we can make a real
d 10.
1.
polluted
2.
dry
3.
pour
4.
harmful
5.
help
6.
friendly
7.
reduce
8.
separate
9.
punished
10.
difference
解析:
【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的首字母提示短文填空题,解题时首先要通读全文,明确文章核心是讲述人类活动对地球造成的破坏,以及倡导大家践行绿色生活保护地球的主旨。接下来逐空结合上下文语义、给出的首字母提示,同时匹配对应的语法规则、固定短语搭配来推导正确单词,最后把所有答案代入全文通读,检查语义是否连贯、语法是否合规,确保每空仅填一个词符合题目要求。比如看到第一空前面的have和后文“地球生病”的提示,就能联想到现在完成时的结构和“污染地球”的语义,对应首字母p就能推出正确形式。
【解析】
我们逐空推导验证:
1. 由后文“it is sick now”可知人类的行为污染了地球,句中已有助动词have,是现在完成时结构have+动词过去分词,结合首字母p,填polluted。
2. 前文提到砍伐大量树木,肥沃土地退化,结合首字母d,dry desert表示荒漠/旱地,符合语境,填dry。
3. 句意为工厂将污水排入河流,固定搭配pour...into...表示“把……倒入”,主语factories是复数,时态为一般现在时,结合首字母p,填pour。
4. 后文提到污染引发诸多问题,说明汽车排放的是有害气体,修饰名词gases需用形容词,结合首字母h,填harmful。
5. 前文提到地球被严重破坏,固定搭配cry for help表示“呼救、求助”,符合语境,结合首字母h,填help。
6. 前文提到要做绿色消费者,固定搭配be friendly to the environment表示“对环境友好”,结合首字母f,填friendly。
7. 句意为选择骑车、坐公交的出行方式来降低污染,不定式符号to后接动词原形,结合首字母r,填reduce。
8. 后文提到把垃圾分成不同类别,固定搭配separate...into...表示“把……分成”,remember to后接动词原形,结合首字母s,填separate。
9. 句意为如果不保护地球我们就会受到惩罚,这里是被动语态结构be+动词过去分词,结合首字母p,填punished。
10. 固定搭配make a difference表示“产生影响、起到作用”,符合语境,结合首字母d,填difference。
【答案】
1. polluted 2. dry 3. pour 4. harmful 5. help 6. friendly 7. reduce 8. separate 9. punished 10. difference
【知识点】
首字母短文填空,环保主题词汇,固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题围绕环保主题设题,既考查学生对初中阶段核心词汇、常见固定搭配的掌握程度,也兼顾了现在完成时、被动语态等基础语法的运用,同时引导学生树立环保意识,解题时需要结合上下文语境推导答案,避免孤立看单句出错。
【难度系数】
0.6