三、根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. We should do our best to help
disabled
(able) people.
2. I think it is meaningful
to support
(support) charities, so let's take action to help.
3. For a shy student, it takes
confidence
(confident) to give a speech in class.
4. The patient looks terrible. He needs an
operation
(operate) right now.
5. Don't expect him
to remember
(remember) everything you said just now.
6. We hold this activity
to raise
(raise) money for the local people.
7. The road along the stream is covered by
golden
(gold) leaves when autumn comes.
8. Many
volunteers
(volunteer) wanted to take photos with the famous player when they saw her.
9. In order to create a quiet environment for the exam, the police have put up barricades(路障)
across
(cross) several major roads near the examination sites.
10. It's OK to have a feeling of sadness. You're not alone. Let's talk about what
has happened
(happen).
解析:
【分析】
这类单词变形填空题的解题思路非常清晰:第一步先分析空格在句子中充当的成分,判断空格处需要的词性/时态属性,第二步结合对应的固定搭配、派生词变换规则、语境语义推导正确形式,最后代入句子验证语义通顺、语法合规即可。比如遇到空格后是名词的情况,优先考虑用形容词修饰名词;遇到it is + adj的结构,优先匹配不定式的固定句型,遇到many、an这类限定词,直接对应名词的单复数变形要求。
【解析】
1. 空格后是名词people,需要形容词作定语修饰名词,结合句意“帮助残疾人”,将able变为形容词disabled,意为“残疾的”,符合语义。
2. 考查固定句型It is + 形容词 + to do sth.,表示“做某事是有意义的”,因此填不定式to support。
3. 动词take后需要名词作宾语,confident是形容词“自信的”,转换为对应的名词confidence,意为“信心”,符合句意。
4. 不定冠词an后需要接可数名词单数,operate是动词“做手术”,转换为名词operation,意为“手术”,an operation表示“一台手术”,符合语境。
5. 考查固定搭配expect sb. to do sth.,意为“期待某人做某事”,因此填to remember。
6. 此处用不定式作目的状语,说明举办活动的目的是为当地人筹款,因此填to raise。
7. 空格后是名词leaves,需要形容词作定语,gold是名词“黄金”,转换为形容词golden,意为“金色的”,golden leaves表示“金黄的树叶”,符合秋季的语境。
8. 限定词many后接可数名词复数,volunteer是可数名词“志愿者”,复数形式为volunteers。
9. 句子已有谓语动词have put up,空格处需要介词表示“横跨多条主干道”,动词cross转换为对应的介词across,符合语法要求。
10. 句意为“聊聊已经发生了什么”,强调过去发生的事对现在的影响,用现在完成时,what作主语视为单数,因此填has happened。
【答案】
1. disabled 2. to support 3. confidence 4. operation
5. to remember 6. to raise 7. golden 8. volunteers
9. across 10. has happened
【知识点】
词形转换,固定搭配,非谓语动词
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础类词形变形考题,覆盖了形容词修饰名词、不定式作状语/固定句型、名词单复数、介词辨析等核心考点,整体考点贴合日常教学重点,只要学生能准确判断句子成分、掌握常见派生词变换规则、积累课内固定搭配,就可以顺利完成作答,仅少数易混淆的介词、时态考点容易出现失分。
【难度系数】
0.7