四、阅读理解。
主题群:环境保护
子主题:环保意识和行为
语篇类型:记叙文
难度:★★
Known as the "kidneys" of the earth, wetlands play an important part in the ecosystem. However, about 35% of natural wetlands have been lost in the past 50 years, said the UN. Hoping to do their part in wetland protection, Lyu Haoyan and Cui Luoyao, two girls from Beijing, made a mudskipper amphibious robot(弹涂鱼两栖机器人). They won the Gold Award of the 19th Soong Ching Ling Award for Children's Invention on Aug. 19, 2024.
"We wanted to make a simple robot to help collect data(数据), but traditional robots faced problems in wetlands," Cui said.
As an amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired by the little creature, they added a special chest(胸腔) and tail fin(鳍) to their robot. The fin can help the robot move freely on land and swim in the water. They also learned to code(编程) to control the robot with their phones from far away, up to 300 metres. What's more, they put in different sensors(传感器) to see plants and check water cleanness.
But things didn't always go well. How to keep the main electronics(电子元件) dry when the robot went underwater was a big problem during testing. "The 3D printed parts we used couldn't be sealed(密封) well," Lyu said. After trying different methods, they found that placing rubber(橡胶) rings in the gaps(缝隙) worked well to stop water from getting in.
After successfully controlling their robotic mudskipper on land and in the water, they were happy with their success. "I feel so proud because our robot can help look into the places that people cannot reach," said Cui.
1. Why did the girls choose to make the robot based on(基于) a mudskipper?
A. Because mudskippers can clean the water.
B. Because mudskippers can talk on the phones far away.
C. Because mudskippers would make the robot look cool.
D. Because mudskippers can move freely on land and in the water.
2. How did the girls keep the electronics dry when the robot was underwater?
A. By sealing the robot with tape.
B. By adding a special cover to it.
C. By using more 3D printed parts.
D. By putting rubber rings in the gaps.
3. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The importance of wetlands
B. How sensors help in wetlands
C. Difficulties in studying wetlands
D. A robot to save wetlands
答案：[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了崔洛瑶和吕昊妍设计了一种可以保护湿地的机器人。
1. D 2. D
3. D 标题概括题。文章主要介绍了两名来自北京的女孩为了保护湿地,制作了一个弹涂鱼两栖机器人,并详细介绍了制作过程和遇到的困难。故 A robot to save wetlands 为最佳标题。
解析：
【分析】
做这类阅读理解题，需先明确题目类型：第1、2题是细节理解题，第3题是主旨大意题。解题思路是带着问题定位原文对应信息，逐一匹配选项。第1题需找弹涂鱼的特性，第2题找保持电子元件干燥的方法，第3题概括全文核心内容。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段“As an amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands.”可知，弹涂鱼能在水陆自由移动，符合制作湿地机器人的需求，对应选项D。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段最后一句“they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps worked well to stop water from getting in.”可知，女孩们通过在缝隙中放置橡胶圈来防止水进入，对应选项D。
3. 主旨大意题：文章主要讲述两名北京女孩为保护湿地，制作弹涂鱼两栖机器人的过程；A仅提及湿地重要性，B仅涉及传感器作用，C仅讲研究困难，均片面，D最贴合全文主旨，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.D
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解、主旨大意）
【点评】
本文围绕环保主题，介绍了两名学生制作湿地保护机器人的故事，题目涵盖细节理解和主旨大意，难度适中，需学生准确提取原文信息并把握文章核心。
【难度系数】
0.6
