七、书面表达。(30分)
A. 句子翻译。(共5小题;每小题2分,计10分)
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 农民们在秋季忙于收庄稼。
Farmers are busy harvesting crops in autumn.
2. 运动之后,你需要洗澡。
You need to take a shower after doing sports.
3. 你和朋友如何联系?
How do you connect with your friends?
4. 我们互相扔雪球,叫着,笑着。
We throw snowballs at each other, screaming and laughing.
5. 他们把一年分成二十四个部分。
They divided the year into 24 parts.
答案:A. 1. Farmers are busy harvesting crops in autumn.
2. You need to take a shower after doing sports.
3. How do you connect with your friends?
4. We throw snowballs at each other, screaming and laughing.
5. They divided the year into 24 parts.
解析:
【分析】
做这类汉译英题目时,我们可以按照三步法思考:第一步先确定句子的核心主干,找到主语、谓语,判断句子的句式是陈述句还是疑问句;第二步回忆对应中文含义的固定短语搭配,避免直译产生中式英语;第三步核对时态、主谓一致、非谓语形式等细节,确保语法正确。
逐题思考逻辑:
1. 第一题是陈述句,主语是“农民们”,核心搭配“忙于做某事”对应固定结构be busy doing sth,“收庄稼”是harvest crops,时间状语“在秋季”放句末,注意主语是复数,be动词用are。
2. 第二题是陈述句,核心搭配“需要做某事”是need to do sth,“洗澡”是take a shower,“运动之后”中after是介词,后面要接动名词形式doing sports。
3. 第三题是特殊疑问句,疑问词用How,核心搭配“和某人联系”是connect with sb,主语是you,助动词用do,按照“疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语+其他”的疑问句语序排列即可。
4. 第四题是陈述句,主干是“我们互相扔雪球”,核心搭配“互相”是each other,“扔雪球”是throw snowballs at sb,“叫着、笑着”是伴随主句动作同时发生的状态,要用现在分词作伴随状语。
5. 第五题是陈述句,核心固定搭配“把…分成…”是divide sth into sth,表述客观事实或者已经完成的动作都可以,用一般过去时divide的过去式divided符合表达逻辑。
【解析】
我们逐句按照语法规则和固定搭配翻译如下:
1. 用一般现在时表述常态,主语Farmers为复数,搭配be busy doing结构,后接动名词harvesting和宾语crops,时间状语in autumn置于句末,得到对应译文。
2. 主语You作主语,用need to do结构表达“需要做某事”,take a shower表示“洗澡”,介词短语after doing sports作状语放在句末,得到对应译文。
3. 特殊疑问词How置于句首,后接助动词do,再接主语you、谓语connect with和宾语your friends,符合特殊疑问句语序,得到对应译文。
4. 主语We作主语,搭配throw snowballs at each other表示“互相扔雪球”,用现在分词screaming and laughing作伴随状语,补充说明主句动作的伴随状态,得到对应译文。
5. 主语They作主语,用divide的过去式divided,搭配divide sth into sth的固定结构,得到对应译文。
【答案】
1. Farmers are busy harvesting crops in autumn.
2. You need to take a shower after doing sports.
3. How do you connect with your friends?
4. We throw snowballs at each other, screaming and laughing.
5. They divided the year into 24 parts.
【知识点】
常用动词固定搭配;现在分词作伴随状语;特殊疑问句语序
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础翻译题型,全部考察课内核心短语和基础语法点,没有偏难表达。学生答题时只要规避逐字直译的中式英语误区,留意介词后接动名词、主谓一致等细节,熟练掌握常用句式结构,就可以顺利完成作答拿到高分。
【难度系数】
0.7
B. 写作。(计20分)
根据以下提示,写一篇短文介绍一下中国的气候(climate)。
【要点】1. How is the climate in different parts of China?
2. What do people do in different climates?
【要求】1. 短文需包括要点中所给的信息。
2. 短文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名和地名。
3. 90词左右。
China’s Climates
答案:B. One possible version
China's Climates
China is a big country with many different kinds of climates.
In the south, it is warm and rainy. Cities like Guangzhou have hot summers and mild winters.
In the middle and east, there are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. It is hot and humid in summer, and it is cold and dry in winter.
The north has very cold winters with snow, but in summer, it is still warm. In the north-west, it is dry, with hot days and cool nights in summer.
The south-west has nice weather. It is warm all year round. But in Xizang, the air is thin, and it stays cool all year round.
China's weather changes a lot, so people can enjoy different climates in different places!
解析:
【分析】
拿到这道写作题首先先明确核心要求:主题是介绍中国的气候,必须覆盖两个指定要点,词数控制在90词左右,不能出现真实的姓名、校名、地名。接下来梳理写作思路:第一步先写总起句,开门见山点明中国疆域辽阔,不同区域气候差异很大;第二步主体部分按照地理分区依次介绍南方、中东部、北方、西北、西南的不同气候特点,同时对应补充不同气候下人们的典型日常活动,把第二个要点自然融入内容里;最后用一句话收尾总结,点明多样的气候给人们带来了丰富的体验,整体逻辑通顺,用准确简单的英语表达即可完成写作。
【解析】
写作步骤如下:
1. 开篇点题:用一句话总述中国地域广阔,拥有丰富多样的气候类型,引出下文。
2. 主体分述:按照不同地理区域逐一介绍各地的气候特征,同时对应补充不同气候下人们的相关活动,完整覆盖题干给出的两个要点。
3. 结尾总结:用简短的语句收尾,呼应开头,让文章结构完整。
本次给出的参考范文符合所有题干要求,无语法错误,词数符合规定,没有出现违规的真实信息。
【答案】
China's Climates
China is a big country with many different kinds of climates.
In the south, it is warm and rainy. Cities like Guangzhou have hot summers and mild winters.
In the middle and east, there are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. It is hot and humid in summer, and it is cold and dry in winter.
The north has very cold winters with snow, but in summer, it is still warm. In the north-west, it is dry, with hot days and cool nights in summer.
The south-west has nice weather. It is warm all year round. But in Xizang, the air is thin, and it stays cool all year round.
China's weather changes a lot, so people can enjoy different climates in different places!
【知识点】
说明文写作;地理话题词汇;篇章逻辑组织
【点评】
本题是初中阶段常见的话题说明文写作,依托学生已有的地理常识就可以完成内容搭建。参考范文结构清晰,从总述到分区域介绍再到收尾总结,完整覆盖了题干的全部要点,用词平实准确,符合初中英语写作的能力要求,词数符合90词左右的规定,没有出现违规的真实个人信息,是合格的示范例文。
【难度系数】
0.7