7. 计算:
(1) $(\dfrac{5}{12} - \dfrac{7}{9} - \dfrac{2}{3}) ÷ (-\dfrac{1}{36})$;
(2) $25 ÷ \dfrac{2}{3} - 25 × (-\dfrac{1}{2})$;
(3) $(-28\dfrac{7}{8}) ÷ 7$;
(4) $\dfrac{4}{5} × (-\dfrac{5}{13}) - \dfrac{3}{5} ÷ (-\dfrac{13}{5}) - \dfrac{5}{13} × (-1\dfrac{3}{5})$。
答案:7.解:(1)原式$=(\frac{5}{12}-\frac{7}{9}-\frac{2}{3})×(-36)=-15+28+24=37.$
(2)原式$=25×\frac{3}{2}+25×\frac{1}{2}=25×(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2})=50.$
(3)原式$=(-28-\frac{7}{8})×\frac{1}{7}=-4-\frac{1}{8}=-4\frac{1}{8}.$
(4)原式$=-\frac{4}{5}×\frac{5}{13}+\frac{3}{5}×\frac{5}{13}+\frac{5}{13}×\frac{8}{5}$
$=\frac{5}{13}×(-\frac{4}{5}+\frac{3}{5}+\frac{8}{5})=\frac{7}{13}.$
8.某地区高山的温度从山脚开始每升高100 m降低0.6 ℃,现测得山脚的温度是4 ℃.
(1)求离山脚1200 m高的地方的温度;
(2)若山上某处的温度为-5 ℃,求此处距山脚的高度.
答案:8.解:(1)$4-(1200÷100)×0.6=-3.2(℃).$
答:离山脚1200 m高的地方的温度为$-3.2 ℃.$
(2)$[4-(-5)]÷0.6×100=1500(m).$
答:此处距山脚的高度为1500 m.
9. 先阅读材料,再解决问题.
计算:$50÷(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{12})$.
解法一:原式$=50÷\dfrac{1}{3}-50÷\dfrac{1}{4}+50÷\dfrac{1}{12}=50×3-50×4+50×12=550$.
解法二:原式$=50÷(\dfrac{4}{12}-\dfrac{3}{12}+\dfrac{1}{12})=50÷\dfrac{2}{12}=50×6=300$.
解法三:原式的倒数为$(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{12})÷50=(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{12})×\dfrac{1}{50}=\dfrac{1}{3}×\dfrac{1}{50}-\dfrac{1}{4}×\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{12}×\dfrac{1}{50}=\dfrac{1}{300}$,故原式$=300$.
(1)上述得出的结果不同,肯定有错误的解法,你认为解法
一
是错误的;
(2)请你选择合适的解法计算:$(-\dfrac{1}{84})÷(\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{3}{14}+\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7})$.
答案:9.(1)一
(2)解: 原式$=(-\frac{1}{84})÷(\frac{1}{6}+\frac{2}{3}-\frac{3}{14}-\frac{2}{7})=(-\frac{1}{84})÷(\frac{5}{6}-\frac{1}{2})=(-\frac{1}{84})×3=-\frac{1}{28}.$(解法不唯一)