二、词汇运用
What are the rules for a gentleman on words and actions? Let’s find out the
answers from Confucius, one of
the most successful
1
(success) teachers in ancient China.
Confucius said, “If a gentleman, not caring for food or housing, is diligent (勤勉的) with what he does, careful with what he says and corrects himself to meet high standards, he can be regarded as a good
learner
2
(learn).”
In Western countries, people usually pay more attention to
what
3
people say. However, Confucius was
against
4
that. He believed that gentlemen should consider their words carefully and work hard, having strong
drive
5
(冲劲) to learn. If they just talk about their ideas all day, they will fall
behind
6
.
Confucius’ thoughts still
guide
7
(指导) Chinese people. Many Chinese people would like to do practical (实际的) things rather than say beautiful words.
1.
the most successful
2.
learner
3.
what
4.
against
5.
drive
6.
behind
7.
guide
解析：
【分析】
这是一道英语词汇运用题，需结合固定结构、词性变化、语境及固定搭配解题。第1空需用“one of + the + 形容词最高级”结构；第2空需将动词转换为名词；第3空需用宾语从句引导词；第4空需结合语境选介词；第5空需对应中文提示选名词；第6空需用固定短语；第7空需根据主语和时态选动词形式。
【解析】
1. 考查形容词最高级：“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，表“最……之一”，success的形容词为successful，最高级是most successful，故填the most successful；
2. 考查名词：形容词good后需接名词，learn对应的表示人的名词是learner（学习者），符合语境，故填learner；
3. 考查宾语从句引导词：pay attention to后接宾语从句，从句中say缺少宾语，指“所说的内容”，用what引导，故填what；
4. 考查介词：根据语境，孔子的观点与西方人的相反，be against表示“与……相反”，故填against；
5. 考查名词：中文提示“冲劲”对应的英文名词是drive，故填drive；
6. 考查固定搭配：fall behind是固定短语，意为“落后”，故填behind；
7. 考查动词时态：主语Confucius’ thoughts是复数，句子描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填动词原形guide。
【答案】
1. the most successful 2. learner 3. what 4. against 5. drive 6. behind 7. guide
【知识点】
形容词最高级、名词转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为英语基础词汇运用题，综合考查核心语法结构和常用词汇，侧重基础应用，是初中英语常见题型。
【难度系数】
0.5
