二、用方框中所给单词和词组的正确形式填空，补全短文
living thing take action harmful health sad include
An ecosystem is like a busy little city. It is a community of $^{(1)}$
living things
. An ecosystem $^{(2)}$
includes
many different plants and animals. The non-living things around are also part of it. Soil (土壤), rocks and water are important in ecosystems. In a $^{(3)}$
healthy
ecosystem, all the parts work together. The plants and animals depend on each other to survive. For example, plants provide food and homes for animals, while animals help spread seeds.
Some ecosystems are small. A small garden is one example. Other ecosystems can be huge. A whole rainforest is one big ecosystem. Rainforests are home to millions of species (物种), and they play an important role in balancing the earth’s climate. $^{(4)}$
Sadly
, many ecosystems are in danger because of human activities like pollution and over-farming. These problems can $^{(5)}$
harm
plants and animals, making it harder for them to survive.
But if we want to keep these ecosystems healthy, we need to $^{(6)}$
take action
. We must protect the environment so that all living things can go on living and growing. By working together, we can make a big difference and help protect our planet for the future.
解析：
【分析】
本题为短文选词填空，需先通读短文把握主旨，再结合每个空格的语境、语法要求（如名词单复数、动词时态/形式、形容词副词转换等），从方框所给词汇中选择并变形为正确形式。解题时要注意：空格前的搭配、主语单复数对谓语的影响、修饰词的词性要求、情态动词/不定式后的动词形式等规则。
【解析】
1. 空格前为“a community of”（……的群落），需接复数名词，方框中“living thing”为单数，变形为复数“living things”，符合“生物群落”的语境。
2. 空格处作谓语，主语“An ecosystem”是第三人称单数，方框中动词“include”需变为第三人称单数形式“includes”，表示“生态系统包含……”。
3. 空格后是名词“ecosystem”，需用形容词修饰，方框中名词“health”变形为形容词“healthy”，表示“健康的生态系统”。
4. 空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，需用副词，方框中形容词“sad”变形为副词“Sadly”，表示“遗憾的是”，符合语境。
5. 空格前有情态动词“can”，后接动词原形，方框中形容词“harmful”变形为动词原形“harm”，表示“这些问题会伤害动植物”。
6. 空格前是“need to”（需要），后接动词原形，方框中词组“take action”直接用原形，符合“采取行动保护生态”的语境。
【答案】
1. living things 2. includes 3. healthy 4. Sadly 5. harm 6. take action
【知识点】
词汇形式转换、词性变化、短文填空
【点评】
本题考查词汇在语境中的正确运用，需结合语法规则和文意进行变形，是基础题型，重点考查学生对单词词性及形式变化的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.6
