四、短文填空
Water overflows(溢出)onto dry land and a flood happens. People were usually in fear and had to get away if the river 1.
flooded
(flood) their home in the past. Later, smart Chinese people started to build dams(堤坝)2.
to protect
(protect) the lands from river flooding.
Floods can be dangerous. They often leave the villages or towns in 3.
a
terrible state. People may be 4.
trapped
(trap) in a place for days without food. 5.
However
, floods are not always bad. When muddy floodwater goes down, it sometimes leaves a layer(层)of wet earth(泥土). People in the past grew their crops, like rice and corn 6.
by
using the wet earth.
Most often flooding is caused by heavy rain. After the rain, the ground becomes full of water, and new rainwater runs off, or flows downhill. The extra(多余的)water makes the water level(水位线)rise. If the level 7.
rises
(rise) too much, a flood will happen.
Flash floods(暴洪)are the most serious kind of flood. They are caused by sudden heavy rainfall or a 8.
broken
(break) dam. They happen very 9.
quickly
(quick) and can catch people before they are able to get away. Flash floods often happen in hilly countries or around dry riverbeds. In a flash flood, a completely dry riverbed can fill in 10.
minutes
(minute).
解析:
【分析】本题为关于洪水的短文填空题,主要考查词汇在语境中的语法运用。解题时需结合上下文语境、语法规则(如时态、非谓语、介词、词性转换等)逐一分析每个空:1. 根据时间状语in the past确定动词时态;2. 分析不定式作目的状语的用法;3. 回忆固定冠词搭配;4. 判断被动语态结构;5. 梳理上下文逻辑关系确定转折连词;6. 明确表方式的介词用法;7. 遵循条件状语从句的时态规则;8. 确定修饰名词的形容词形式;9. 明确修饰动词的副词形式;10. 记忆固定名词短语搭配。
【解析】1. 由时间状语in the past可知,句子用一般过去时,故填flooded;2. 此处用不定式作目的状语,表建造堤坝的目的是保护土地,故填to protect;3. 固定短语in a terrible state意为“处于糟糕的状态”,故填a;4. 此处为被动结构be trapped,意为“被困住”,符合语境,故填trapped;5. 前文讲洪水的危害,后文转折说明洪水不一定全是坏处,且有逗号隔开,故填However;6. 此处表“通过使用湿土”,用介词by表方式,故填by;7. 条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,主语the level为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填rises;8. 此处修饰名词dam,需用形容词broken(破损的),故填broken;9. 此处修饰动词happen,需用副词quickly,故填quickly;10. 固定短语in minutes意为“在几分钟内”,故填minutes。
【答案】1. flooded 2. to protect 3. a 4. trapped 5. However 6. by 7. rises 8. broken 9. quickly 10. minutes
【知识点】动词时态、非谓语动词、介词用法
【点评】本题为语境型短文填空,综合考查学生对词汇、语法的运用能力,需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则解题,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6