Ⅰ. 私学兴起
私学产生于春秋时期，是中国古代由私人办理的学校，与官学相对。孔子兴办私学，是中国教育史上一件极具重要意义的事情。此举打破了此前“学在官府”的体制和“贵游子弟学焉”的传统，让更多平民子弟有机会接受文化教育。
跨学科 历史
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would say: Confucius. He was born over 2,000 years ago, but people still remember him nowadays.
Confucius lived in the kingdom of Lu, part of today’s Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. His childhood was sad. His father died when he was only 3 and he had to work to help his mother. But young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and developed a private school. At that time only children from rich families could go to school set up by the government, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that everyone has something worthy to learn and to teach. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them. I take their bad qualities and change them in myself.” He also taught us, “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled(困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners(礼仪). “A kind person should care for others. Be strict with yourself, but be kind to others,” he said.
1. Confucius developed the private school so that
D
.
A. he could find himself a job as a teacher
B. children could learn at school rather than at home
C. he could be the first teacher in Chinese history
D. children from poor families could go to school as well
2. Confucius not only gave lessons but also
C
.
A. encouraged people to be strict
B. offered students puzzles
C. advised people to behave well
D. taught students how to make friends
3. According to the passage, what can we learn about or from Confucius?
A. Confucius is the greatest poet in Chinese history.
B. Confucius was born in a rich family.
C. We should always care for ourselves.
D. Thinking is very important in study.
4. Which is the best title for this story?
A. Confucius’ teaching methods
B. A great man with a hard childhood
C. A person who changed Chinese history
D. Confucius—A great teacher and thinker
