Ⅱ. 抗战时期的中国大学
国立西南联合大学，是中国抗日战争开始后高校内迁设于昆明的一所综合性大学，前后共存在了 8 年零 11 个月，“内树学术自由之规模，外来民主堡垒之称号”，保存了抗战时期的重
要科研力量，培养了一大批卓有成就的优秀人才。(选项中有两项多余)
跨学科 历史
National Southwestern Associated University(Xinan Lianda) was a great university. It was open from 1938 to 1946 as a wartime university. How was the university built? Why was it a great university? What was it like to study there? Read on to find out.
Heading to the south
In 1937, the Japanese army took over Peking University and Tsinghua University in Beijing and bombed(轰炸) Nankai University in Tianjin. Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together. 1.
D
And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there. Some teachers and students walked thousands of kilometres from Changsha to Kunming.
Modern teaching
Xinan Lianda used modern ways to teach its students. Its principals Jiang Menglin, Mei Yiqi and Zhang Boling received both Chinese and Western education. They provided general education(通识教育). 2.
F
Instead, they first took general courses, such as Chinese and English.
Xinan Lianda was home to many famous teachers. 3.
A
Writers like Wen Yiduo, Shen Congwen and Zhu Ziqing all taught there.
Hard times
The school’s teachers and students didn’t have enough food, books or clothing. Forty students had to live in a big thatched(茅草屋顶的) room. There were bugs(虫子) everywhere. Some students caught them and kept them in bottles. 4.
C
Bombings were common. In 1940, Professor Fei Xiaotong’s house was attacked(攻击). He lost his draft(手稿) of a book he was writing. But these hard times didn’t stop the students or teachers.
Coming to an end
5.
G
But Xinan Lianda’s normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.
| A. It had 179 professors(教授). | B. Changsha was a safe city at that time. |
| C. The students’ lives were even in danger. | D. Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan. |
| E. Many teachers have built new houses for students. | F. Students in their first year didn’t have to pick majors(专业). |
|
G.
After the war,
the three universities returned to their homes in 1946. |
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的七选五阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍国立西南联合大学的发展历程、教学特色、艰难处境及最终结局。
2. 逐个分析空格前后的语境，结合段落主题和逻辑关系匹配选项：
第1空：前文提及师生先迁至长沙，后文提到从长沙到昆明并建校，需选承接搬迁地点的选项。
第2空：后文用“Instead”引出学生先上通识课，说明前文是与选专业相关的转折内容。
第3空：段落主题是西南联大拥有众多名师，需选补充师资相关信息的选项。
第4空：后文提到轰炸频发，需选体现学生处境危险的选项。
第5空：段落主题是联大的结局，后文说师范学院留存，需选三校战后去向的选项。
3. 最后代入选项通读全文，验证逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 选D。根据前文“Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”和后文“And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there. Some teachers and students walked thousands of kilometres from Changsha to Kunming.”可知，师生从长沙搬迁到了昆明，选项D“Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan.”符合语境。
2. 选F。根据后文“Instead, they first took general courses, such as Chinese and English.”中的“Instead”可知，此处与后文形成转折关系，说明大一学生不需要先选择专业，选项F“Students in their first year didn’t have to pick majors(专业).”符合语境。
3. 选A。根据前文“Xinan Lianda was home to many famous teachers.”可知，本段围绕联大的师资情况展开，选项A“It had 179 professors(教授).”补充了教师数量信息，符合语境。
4. 选C。根据后文“Bombings were common.”可知，当时的环境十分危险，选项C“The students’ lives were even in danger.”准确体现了学生的处境，符合语境。
5. 选G。根据段落标题“Coming to an end”和后文“But Xinan Lianda’s normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”可知，此处应说明联大结束后三所高校的去向，选项G“After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946.”符合语境。
【答案】
1-5 DFACG
【知识点】
七选五解题技巧、说明文阅读、语境逻辑分析
【点评】
本文围绕国立西南联合大学展开，介绍了其组建背景、教学模式、艰难处境及最终结局，题目考查学生对语篇逻辑的把握能力，需要结合上下文语境和段落主题精准匹配选项，既帮助学生了解历史文化知识，又能提升阅读理解中的逻辑推理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
