五、阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范
子主题:自然灾害
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★
On Saturday, an underwater volcano(火山) in Tonga erupted(爆发) in the South Pacific Ocean. Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean, home to about 106,000 people. The volcano, known as Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, is located off the coast of Tonga. Even though the volcano was underwater, it sent lots of gas, ash(灰烬) and stones 12 miles into the sky.
It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event underlined{knocked out} internet service in the area. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea. Experts say it's not yet clear whether the cable was broken during the event or simply lost power.
A four-foot wave hit the capital, Nuku'alofa. People in low-lying areas were forced to go to higher ground. There are reports of serious damage in Tonga. Many houses near the shore were flooded. At present, the biggest danger is probably from the smoke and ash from the volcano that has covered much of Tonga. The ash makes the air dangerous to breathe, and it is believed to have polluted many sources of drinking water.
New Zealand and Australia have sent teams to Tonga to help out. Some will use airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation. The large cloud of ash high above Tonga is making it impossible to get a good picture of what's happening in the area from high in the air.
1. What does the underlined expression "knocked out" mean?
A. Changed.
B. Improved.
C. Destroyed.
D. Brought.
2. Which of the following can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. The ash from the volcano has covered much of Tonga.
B. The ash makes the air in Tonga dangerous to breathe.
C. Houses in low-lying areas were completely damaged.
D. People in Tonga will be short of clean drinking water.
3. Why is it hard for the teams to know exactly what's happening in the area?
A. There is still a lot of ash in the air above Tonga.
B. The airplanes cannot take off because of the ash.
C. The teams don't know how to take a good picture.
D. The clouds in the sky stop the teams seeing clearly.
答案：[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了南太平洋岛国汤加的一座水下火山爆发所造成的危害以及其他国家对汤加的帮助。
1. C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out internet service in the area.”可知,因为该地区的互联网受到了破坏,所以花了一段时间才收到来自汤加的报道,故 knocked out 表示“破坏”。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第三段结尾“The ash makes the air dangerous to breathe, and it is believed to have polluted many sources of drinking water.”可知,火山灰使呼吸空气变得危险,据信它污染了许多饮用水来源,由此可推出汤加人民将缺乏干净的饮用水。
3. A
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，解题思路：定位到第二段原句，结合上下文逻辑（因该事件导致无法及时收到汤加的报道），推断“knocked out”的含义，再匹配选项。
2. 第2题是推理判断题，解题思路：锁定第三段内容，区分原文直接表述和隐含推断的信息，排除原文直接给出的选项，选出符合推断的答案。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，解题思路：定位到第四段相关语句，找到导致无法了解当地情况的原因，匹配对应选项。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第二段“It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out internet service in the area.”可知，因该事件导致当地互联网服务被破坏，才延迟收到报道，故“knocked out”意为“破坏”，对应选项C。
2. 推理判断题：第三段提到火山灰污染了许多饮用水来源，由此可推断汤加人民将缺乏干净的饮用水（D项）；A、B项为原文直接陈述的内容，不属于推断结论，C项“完全损坏”与原文“serious damage”不符，故答案为D。
3. 细节理解题：根据第四段“The large cloud of ash high above Tonga is making it impossible to get a good picture of what's happening in the area from high in the air.”可知，空中大量的火山灰云导致无法清晰了解当地情况，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.A
【知识点】
词义猜测题、推理判断题、细节理解题
【点评】
本文围绕汤加火山爆发的灾害及救援展开，语篇类型为说明文，题目设置涵盖词义猜测、推理判断、细节理解三类题型，考查学生对语篇细节的把握和逻辑推断能力，难度适中，符合灾害防范主题的阅读理解考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
