五、任务型阅读。（2026·江苏南通期末）
阅读短文，从短文后A至F六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The earth’s limited fresh water
The earth’s water has refreshed itself for billions of years with the water cycle. The earth has a lot of water, but most of it isn’t fresh water. The earth’s fresh water is limited.
◆The water cycle refreshes water
The three parts of the water cycle are evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. 1 Condensation happens when the vapor cools and changes into water drops. Precipitation happens when the drops fall to the earth’s surface. All three parts happen continuously, and they can happen at the same time.
◆The earth’s usable fresh water
The earth’s water can be found in many places, including underground and in the atmosphere. 2 Most of the fresh water is in glaciers and polar ice caps, where it is difficult for people to get to. Only a small part of the earth’s fresh water is in rivers, lakes, and streams. The water cycle helps to keep water usable by refreshing it. But it also causes fresh water to evaporate. As a result, humans and animals can’t use it.
◆ 3
Our use of fresh water is naturally limited. But pollution and overuse make the fresh water even worse. Waste from agriculture and industry can go into the ground and end up in springs. Polluted water is dangerous to drink. It can also damage waterways, making it hard for water to travel. Even though the water cycle cleans water, pollution in the environment causes water to become polluted over and over again. 4 People use water for drinking, cleaning and other purposes. Sometimes people waste water or take far more than they need. The whole world uses so much water that the underground water sources will run out.
Humans, animals and plants depend on fresh water. The water cycle renews water all the time. 5
1.
F
2.
B
3.
A
4.
C
5.
D
解析：
【分析】
要解决任务型阅读的句子填空题，需结合上下文的逻辑关系（如内容承接、主旨概括、转折呼应等）逐一分析每个空：第1空对应水循环的“蒸发”部分，需选解释蒸发的句子；第2空承接“大部分水不是淡水”，选说明咸水占比的句子；第3空是段落小标题，需概括本段关于淡水问题的主旨；第4空承接前文的“污染”，引出“过度使用”的内容；第5空承接前文的“水循环更新水”，用转折强调淡水有限。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到水循环的三个组成部分为蒸发、凝结、降水，后文分别解释了凝结和降水的定义，因此此处需补充蒸发的定义，对应F选项，故填F。
2. 第2空：前文指出“地球上有很多水，但大部分不是淡水”，后文说明“大部分淡水在难以获取的冰川中”，B选项“虽然地球上有很多水，但96%是咸水”承接上文“大部分不是淡水”的表述，符合逻辑，故填B。
3. 第3空：此处是段落小标题，下文围绕淡水面临的污染、过度使用等问题展开，A选项“地球淡水的问题”能概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题，故填A。
4. 第4空：前文阐述了淡水污染的危害，后文说明人类过度用水导致地下水枯竭，C选项“过度使用也危及全球水资源”承接上文的污染问题，引出过度使用的内容，逻辑连贯，故填C。
5. 第5空：前文提到“水循环持续更新水”，D选项“然而我们仍要记得淡水是有限的”用转折语气强调淡水的有限性，承接上文的“更新”，符合语境，故填D。
【答案】
1. F 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D
【知识点】
任务型阅读、句子还原、上下文逻辑
【点评】
本题为任务型阅读的句子填空题，重点考查学生对语篇逻辑（承接、转折、主旨概括）的理解能力，需结合段落结构和句间关系选择合适选项，难度中等，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5
