二、用被动语态改写句子
1. Water covers about seventy per cent of the Earth.
About seventy per cent of the Earth is covered by water.
2. We should deal with emergencies at once.
Emergencies should be dealt with by us at once.
3. Dr Zhou operated on the patient yesterday.
The patient was operated on by Dr Zhou yesterday.
4. The school provides a safe and comfortable learning environment for students.
A safe and comfortable learning environment is provided for students by the school. / Students are provided with a safe and comfortable learning environment by the school.
5. Does the company require the workers to take the safety training courses?
Are the workers required to take the safety training courses by the company?
6. The writer wrote and published over 20 books.
Over 20 books were written and published by the writer.
解析:
【分析】
这道题考查主动语态改被动语态的专项练习,解题的通用思路是:
1. 先定位原句的谓语动词,判断原句的时态;
2. 把原句的动作承受者(宾语)调整为被动句的新主语,注意主谓一致匹配be动词的形式;
3. 将原句的谓语改写为对应时态的"be + 动词过去分词"结构,遇到带介词的短语动词(如deal with、operate on)不能遗漏后面的介词;
4. 原句的动作发出者(原主语)放在by之后引出,必要时调整人称形式;
5. 遇到情态动词句、疑问句这类特殊句式,对应调整语序:情态动词的被动结构为"情态动词+be+过去分词",疑问句要把被动句的be动词提前到句首。
【解析】
1. 原句为一般现在时,将原句宾语about seventy per cent of the Earth作为被动句主语,该主语表单数含义,be动词用is,cover的过去分词为covered,动作发出者water用by引出,得到改写结果。
2. 原句带情态动词should,被动结构为should be+过去分词,原句宾语emergencies作为被动句主语,deal的过去分词为dealt,保留短语deal with,原主语we变为宾格us用by引出,得到改写结果。
3. 原句为一般过去时,原句宾语the patient作为被动句主语,表单数含义,be动词用was,operate on的过去分词为operated on,动作发出者Dr Zhou用by引出,保留时间状语yesterday,得到改写结果。
4. 本题是双宾语结构,有两种合法改法:①把直接宾语a safe and comfortable learning environment作为主语,一般现在时单数对应be动词is,provide的过去分词为provided,动作发出者the school用by引出;②把间接宾语students作为主语,用provide sb with sth的固定搭配,复数主语对应be动词are,得到第二种改写结果。
5. 原句是一般现在时的一般疑问句,原句宾语the workers作为被动句主语,表复数含义,将be动词are提前到句首构成疑问语序,require的过去分词为required,动作发出者the company用by引出,得到改写结果。
6. 原句是一般过去时,原句宾语over 20 books作为被动句主语,表复数含义,be动词用were,并列谓语write和publish的过去分词分别为written和published,动作发出者the writer用by引出,得到改写结果。
【答案】
1. About seventy per cent of the Earth is covered by water.
2. Emergencies should be dealt with by us at once.
3. The patient was operated on by Dr Zhou yesterday.
4. A safe and comfortable learning environment is provided for students by the school. / Students are provided with a safe and comfortable learning environment by the school.
5. Are the workers required to take the safety training courses by the company?
6. Over 20 books were written and published by the writer.
【知识点】
被动语态改写,主谓一致,动词过去分词
【点评】
本题覆盖了一般现在时、一般过去时、情态动词句、双宾语结构、一般疑问句5种不同句式的被动改写场景,是非常典型的基础被动语态专项训练,易错点集中在短语动词漏写介词、主谓一致匹配错误、疑问句语序调整失误,双宾语的两种改写方式都需要熟练掌握。
【难度系数】
0.7