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四、综合填空
Peng Shilu was born in a family of heroes in Haifeng, Guangdong in 1925. When he was less than five years old, his parents died. The young boy 1.
was looked
look after and protected by the poor. He moved between different families and lived 2.
a
difficult life. But people's kindness influenced him 3.
greatly
great at his early age.
In 1940, Peng Shilu was taken to Chongqing. Later with the help of the Communist Party of China, he went to study in Yan'an. In 1951, he went abroad to learn chemical engineering. When he 4.
completed
complete his studies, he got an excellent grade.
In 1956, Peng Shilu was asked, "Are you willing to change your research field?" "Of course, as long as the motherland has a need!"
With the strong belief, Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power at once. In the early 1960s, China's 5.
development
develop of nuclear submarines was almost a "blank". Peng Shilu and other scientists kept working on it. In 1970, China's first nuclear submarine 6.
was built
build. In 1974, China became the 7.
fifth
five country in the world to have a nuclear submarine.
Peng Shilu worked very hard. He spent all his life 8.
studying
study nuclear power. "I have aimed 9.
to do
do two things in my life. One is to build nuclear submarines and the other is to build nuclear power stations," said Peng Shilu.
Peng died on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. As a pioneer in nuclear power, he is remembered 10.
by
the people and the country.
答案：1. was looked 2. a 3. greatly 4. completed 5. development
6. was built 7. fifth 8. studying 9. to do 10. by
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇人物传记类的语法填空题，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章介绍的是彭士禄的生平事迹，整体叙事以一般过去时为核心时态。接下来逐空分析：先判断空格处所需的词性，再结合时态语态规则、固定搭配要求、词形转换规律推导正确形式，最后代入语境验证答案逻辑是否通顺即可。
【解析】
1. was looked：主语The young boy和look after是被动关系，即小男孩被穷苦人照料，全文叙述过去的事件用一般过去时，一般过去时被动结构为was/were+过去分词，主语是单数，因此填was looked。
2. a：固定搭配live a ... life表示“过着……的生活”，difficult以辅音音素开头，因此填不定冠词a。
3. greatly ：此处需要副词修饰动词influenced，形容词great要变为副词形式greatly，表达“极大地影响了年少的他”的含义，因此填greatly。
4. completed ：此处是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语，叙述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，complete的过去式为completed，因此填completed。
5. development：空前China's是名词所有格，后面需要接名词，动词develop的名词形式是development，表示“中国核潜艇的发展”，因此填development。
6. was built：主语China's first nuclear submarine和动词build是被动关系，动作发生在1970年，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，因此填was built。
7. fifth ：此处表达“世界上第五个拥有核潜艇的国家”，定冠词the后接序数词，基数词five变为序数词fifth，因此填fifth。
8. studying ：固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth. 表示“花费时间做某事”，动词study要变为动名词studying，因此填studying。
9. to do：固定搭配aim to do sth. 表示“目标是做某事”，符合语境含义，因此填to do。
10. by：本句是被动语态结构，动作的执行者the people and the country前要加介词by，表示“被人民和国家铭记”，因此填by。
【答案】
1. was looked 2. a 3. greatly 4. completed 5. development
6. was built 7. fifth 8. studying 9. to do 10. by
【知识点】
动词时态语态；固定短语搭配；词形转换
【点评】
本题选取“中国核潜艇之父”彭士禄的生平事迹作为语料，兼具知识性和思想性，考点覆盖初中英语核心语法点，既考查学生对人物传记类文本整体时态的把控能力，也检验学生对冠词介词用法、非谓语动词规则的掌握，难度适中，能有效考查学生语法填空的综合解题能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、完形填空
My dad works for an aid organization. He and his workmates give
1
aid to the hungry people in poor areas. Last weekend, I joined him in his daily work. I was there simply to
2
leaflets. The job was
3
and I wasn't having fun.
Then I saw a girl doing the same work as I did, but she was smiling all the time. She walked to people and asked them
4
they needed help, instead of waiting for people to find her. Just then, a toothless man came over, head down and shoulders bowed. His clothes were old, dirty and broken. I saw the girl talking
5
to the man, "Morning, sir! Is there anything I can help with?" SIR? SIR! She spoke to the old man like he was
6
. Was I hearing her correctly? Why would she treat a poor man from the street
7
a captain in the army?
She showed love. She cared about the old man and wanted him to feel loved. And she showed respect. When she called him "Sir", he raised his head and I saw the surprised look on his face.
After seeing what she did, I knew I could do my job
8
. A little boy walked over to me and I smiled at him, asking if he'd like some food with the same respect the girl showed. It gave me the
9
that can only be felt when you do something right.
Taking time to show care and love has
10
me a lot. Holding the key, I open every room to let the sunshine flow in.
(
) 1. A. food B. safety C. medical D. education
(
) 2. A. push for B. look through C. give up D. hand out
(
) 3. A. boring B. exciting C. relaxing D. surprising
(
) 4. A. why B. whether C. how D. when
(
) 5. A. proudly B. seriously C. politely D. carelessly
(
) 6. A. funny B. lonely C. interesting D. important
(
) 7. A. as B. for C. with D. about
(
) 8. A. louder B. better C. sooner D. quicker
(
) 9. A. confidence B. surprise C. courage D. joy
(
)10. A. achieved B. influenced C. held D. treated
答案：1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B
解析：
【分析】
做完形填空首先要通读全文，梳理故事主线：本文讲述了作者跟随从事援助工作的父亲参与志愿活动，一开始觉得分发传单的工作十分无趣，后来看到一名女孩始终带着善意和尊重对待每一位受助者，深受触动，也学着认真传递关爱，最终收获了别样的感悟。解题时要遵循“上下文找线索+词义辨析+固定搭配验证”的思路：第一步先跳过空格读完全文，明确故事的情感走向和核心事件；第二步逐空对应前后文给出的提示信息，逐一排除不符合语境的错误选项；第三步把所有答案代入全文复读，验证逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 第1空：后文提到援助的对象是“hungry people（饥饿的人）”，对应给他们提供食物援助，B安全、C医疗、D教育都不符合饥饿人群的核心需求，故选A。
2. 第2空：空格后宾语是leaflets（传单），对应的动作是分发传单，A. push for 强烈要求，B. look through 浏览，C. give up 放弃，都不符合语境，D. hand out 分发，符合搭配，故选D。
3. 第3空：后文提到“我一点都不开心”，说明这份工作的体验是无趣的，B令人兴奋的、C令人放松的、D令人惊讶的都和后文“玩得不开心”矛盾，故选A。
4. 第4空：女孩主动走向路人，询问他们是否需要帮助，whether表示“是否”，符合句意，A为什么、C如何、D什么时候都不符合问句逻辑，故选B。
5. 第5空：后文女孩对老人尊称“先生”，礼貌问好询问需求，说明她说话的态度十分礼貌，A骄傲地、B严肃地、D粗心地都不符合语境，故选C。
6. 第6空：她对穷苦的流浪老人用尊称，是把对方当作十分重要的人来对待，A滑稽的、B孤独的、C有趣的都不符合语境，故选D。
7. 第7空：此处是固定搭配treat sb. as...，意为“把某人当作……对待”，句意为“为什么她要把街上的穷人当作军队里的上尉一样对待呢”，故选A。
8. 第8空：看到女孩的做法之后，作者受到启发，知道自己可以把工作做得更好，A更大声、C更早、D更快都不符合语境，故选B。
9. 第9空：作者学着带着尊重主动传递善意，这种做了正确的事的感受是发自内心的快乐，A自信、B惊喜、C勇气都不符合此处的情感描述，故选D。
10. 第10空：整个经历让作者明白表达关爱的意义，这件事深刻影响了作者，A实现、C握住、D对待都不符合句意，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B
【知识点】
语境词义推断，固定短语搭配，记叙文完形逻辑
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段典型的记叙文类完形填空，故事贴近学生生活，传递尊重他人、传递善意的正向价值观，所有选项均为初中核心词汇，大部分题目可以通过上下文的明确线索直接推导，仅少数词义辨析题需要结合全文情感主线判断，整体难度适中，容易出错的点是treat as的固定搭配记忆不牢，以及第9空的情感类名词辨析容易脱离语境错选。
【难度系数】
0.7
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