一、词汇运用
1. My cousin was very happy when he
received
(接到) a letter from his foreign pen friend.
2. It is
necessary
(必要的) for all the students to do sport every day to keep healthy.
3. In History class, we learned that
silver
(银) was once used as money in many countries.
4. The
warm-hearted
(善良诚恳的) classmate shared his umbrella with me when it suddenly rained.
5. Travelling to a new city
requires
(需要) planning ahead, such as booking hotels.
6. The school trip to the science museum is more enjoyable than we've
expected
(预期).
7. Many public places in our city offer free
wheelchairs
(轮椅) to people with disabilities.
8. The
competition
(比赛) between the two teams was very exciting and everyone cheered loudly.
9. During the school sports meeting, all the
athletes
(运动员) tried their best for the honour of their class.
10. Organizing a class party helps us develop some basic problem-solving
abilities
(本领).
解析:
【分析】
做这类汉译英型词汇运用题,我们可以按照三步思路解题:第一步先通读完整句子,判断空格处需要的词性(动词/形容词/名词等);第二步结合给出的中文提示,回忆对应的课标要求英文单词;第三步结合句子的时态、主谓一致、名词单复数、固定搭配等语法规则,对单词做正确的形式变形,最后代入句子验证语义是否通顺、语法是否合规。
【解析】
1. 句意:我的表弟收到外国笔友的来信时非常开心。“接到”对应动词receive,主句的was提示句子为一般过去时,从句谓语动词也要用过去式,因此填received。
2. 句意:对所有学生来说每天做运动保持健康是很有必要的。本题符合固定句型It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.,“必要的”对应的形容词是necessary,直接填写即可。
3. 句意:历史课上我们了解到银在很多国家曾经被用作货币。“银”是物质名词silver,属于不可数名词,直接填写原形即可。
4. 句意:突然下雨的时候,那位善良诚恳的同学和我共用了他的伞。空格处需要形容词修饰名词classmate,“善良诚恳的”对应的形容词是warm-hearted。
5. 句意:去新城市旅行需要提前规划,比如预订酒店。句子主语是动名词短语Travelling to a new city,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,“需要”对应动词require,三单形式为requires。
6. 句意:这次去科学博物馆的学校旅行比我们预期的要更愉快。句中已有have的缩写've,是现在完成时结构have+过去分词,“预期”对应动词expect,过去分词为expected。
7. 句意:我市很多公共场所为残障人士提供免费轮椅。“轮椅”是可数名词wheelchair,此处泛指多台轮椅,要用复数形式wheelchairs。
8. 句意:两支队伍之间的比赛非常激动人心,所有人都大声欢呼。“比赛”对应名词competition,后面的be动词was提示主语为单数,直接填写原形即可。
9. 句意:校运会期间,所有运动员都为了班级荣誉拼尽全力。“运动员”是可数名词athlete,all后接可数名词复数,因此填athletes。
10. 句意:组织班级派对能帮助我们培养一些基础的解决问题的本领。“本领/能力”是可数名词ability,some后接可数名词复数,因此填abilities。
【答案】
1. received
2. necessary
3. silver
4. warm-hearted
5. requires
6. expected
7. wheelchairs
8. competition
9. athletes
10. abilities
【知识点】
词汇汉译英,时态辨析,名词单复数
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的词汇运用题型,既考察学生对课标核心单词的拼写掌握程度,也结合了基础语法点设置变形考点,提醒同学们不能只直接写中文对应的单词,必须结合语境调整正确形式,避免出现拼写正确但形式错误的不必要失分。
【难度系数】
0.7